Izbrane teme sodobne fizike in matematike
Ko nevtralni delec z magnetnim dipolom obkroži enakomerno nabito žico, ki je vzporedna njegovemu dipolnemu momentu, pridobi netrivialno topološko fazo. Opisani Aharonov-Casherjev pojav je bil odkrit leta 1984 in so ga potrdili v več eksperimentih z natančnostjo najmanj 4%. V prvem delu članka v celoti izpeljem izraz za Aharonov- Casherjevo fazo. V drugem delu članka predstavim dve eksperimentalni potrditvi pojava in uporabo v kvantnih merilnikih naboja.
When a neutral particle with a magnetic dipole moment encircles an electrostatically charged wire which is parallel to the particle’s dipole moment, the particle’s wave function acquires a non-trivial topological phase factor. The so-called Aharonov-Casher effect was predicted in 1984 and was later confirmed in different experiments with a precision of at least 4%. In the first part of the article, I guide the reader through the complete derivation of the Aharonov-Casher phase. In the second part, I present two experimental confirmations of the effect and its application in quantum metrology.