Izbrane teme sodobne fizike in matematike

Fraktalna dimenzija

V članku je predstavljen zgodovinski razvoj teorije fraktalov in natančen opis primerov, kot so Cantorjeva množica, Kochova krivulja in trikotnik Sierpinskega. Sledi predstavitev topološke (male induktivne), samopodobnostne, škatlaste in fraktalne ali Hausdorffove dimenzije. Pri vsaki je navedenih tudi nekaj primerov uporabe na konkretnih fraktalih. Na koncu so razložene tudi povezave med različnimi dimenzijami.

Fractal dimension

Quasicrystals are ordered self-similar structures without translation symmetry. Beside metal alloys they were also found in soft matter in the last few years, mainly among liquid crystals, nano-particles and colloids. The analogy with two dimensional tilings can help describing them. Properties of quasicrystals differ from ordinary crystalline structures and are opening broad area of new research. Their practical value is being intensively researched, mainly in complex optics and photonics.