Izbrane teme sodobne fizike in matematike

Breaking of quantum ergodicity and scars

In this article quantum chaos is introduced, with special attention to the concept of ergodicity, and compared to classical counterparts. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, a statement of ergodicity in quantum mechanics, is discussed. Methods of breaking ergodicity by way of violating the hypothesis are discussed. These are separated into strong breaking, including integrability and many-body localization, and weak breaking, notably including many-body scars and related effects.

Zlom kvantne ergodičnosti in brazgotine

V članku je uveden kvantni kaos ter primerjan s klasičnim, s poudarkom na pojmu ergodičnosti. Hipoteza o termalizaciji lastnih stanj (ang. eigenstate thermalization hypothesis), ki deluje kot ustreznica ergodičnosti v kvantni mehaniki, je predstavljena. Sledi razprava o nekaterih načinih zloma ergodičnosti preko zloma omenjene hipoteze. Ti so ločeni na močan zlom, ki ga povzročita integrabilnost in mnogodelčna lokalizacija (ang. many-body localization), in šibak zlom, ki ga povzročijo mnogodelčne kvantne brazgotine (ang. many-body quantum scars) ter sorodni učinki.

avtor: Martin Šteharnik
številka: 2
letnik: 12

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