Modeli viskoelastičnih snovi

Poleg preprostih elastičnih hookovskih trdnin in viskoznih newtonskih tekočin v naravi obstajajo tudi snovi, ki združujejo lastnosti obeh. Takšne snovi se imenujejo viskoelastične. Prvi del članka je namenjen kvalitativni predstavitvi viskoelastičnih materialov. Sledi obravnava dveh preprostih makroskopskih modelov, in sicer Maxwellovega in Kelvin-Voigtovega modela, kar omogoča poglobitev pridobljenega znanja tudi na kvantitativni ravni. V zadnjem delu članka je izpeljan Oldroyd-B model, ki izvira iz mikroskopskega sveta in natančneje opisuje obnašanje kompleksnih tekočin.

Models of viscoelastic materials

In addition to simple elastic Hookean solids and viscous Newtonian fluids, there also exist substances in nature that combine the properties of both. Such substances are called viscoelastic. The first part of the article is devoted to a qualitative presentation of viscoelastic materials. This is followed by a discussion of two simple macroscopic models, namely the Maxwell and Kelvin–Voigt models, which enables a deeper understanding of the acquired knowledge also on a quantitative level. In the final part of the article, the Oldroyd-B model is derived, which originates from the microscopic world and provides a more precise description of the behaviour of complex fluids.