Izbrane teme sodobne fizike in matematike
Cilj članka je pregled področja kvantne simulacije. Najprej je predstavljena njegova zgodovinska in praktična motivacija, nato pa sta podana kratek uvod v sestavljene kvantne sisteme in preprosta opredelitev kvantnega računalništva. Opisani sta glavni paradigmi kvantne simulacije, namreč digitalna (DQS) in analogna (AQS), nekaj pa je povedanega tudi o učinkovitosti takih simulatorjev in o fundamentalnem problemu dekoherence, ki omejuje njihove praktične realizacije. Podanih je nekaj primerov slednjih, skupaj z morebitnimi slabostmi ali prednostmi, za konec pa so predstavljeni še obeti za praktično uporabo te tehnologije.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the field of quantum simulation. Its historical and practial motivations are first given, followed by a short introduction to composite quantum systems and a basic outline of quantum computation. The two major paradigms of quantum simulation, id est digital (DQS) and analogue (AQS), are described. The effciency of such simulators and the fundamental problem of decoherence which plagues all practical realisations are then commented on; some examples of such realisations are given along with their possible advantages and shortcomings. The seminar concludes with future expectations for practical implementations of this technology.